- combat
- conflict
- contention
- contest
- engagement
- rivalry of any kind
Synonyms for certamen
- agon – combat, public contest
- agonia – combat, public contest
- certatio – contest
- conflictus – contest, impulse
- contendere – contend, contest
- contentio – contest, controversy, straining
- decertatio – a contest, contention
- fides – assurance, belief, confidence, engagement, faith, lyre, promise, protection, reliance, string, trust, trustworthiness, truth, word of honor
- jurgium – brawl, contention, strife, to cause strife
- litis – battle, contention, dispute, fight, fracas
- pugna – battle, conflict, fight, set